RESEARCH OF GREEN HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of modern green hydrogen production technologies based on water electrolysis, including alkaline (AEL), proton exchange membrane (PEM), solid oxide (SOEC), and anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers. The relevance of the study is driven by the global transition toward low-carbon energy systems and the need for efficient solutions to decarbonize industry and the energy sector.

The study examines key technical characteristics of electrolyzers, such as efficiency, operating temperature, current density, lifetime, and technological maturity. Particular attention is given to the techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen production systems using the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) metric.

The results indicate significant differences among electrolysis technologies in terms of cost and performance. SOEC systems demonstrate the highest efficiency but face durability challenges. PEM electrolyzers offer high operational flexibility and are well suited for integration with renewable energy sources. Alkaline electrolyzers remain the most mature and cost-effective technology, while AEM systems are considered a promising emerging solution.

It is also found that electricity cost is the dominant factor affecting hydrogen production cost, accounting for the largest share of LCOH. The findings of this study can be used to support decision-making in selecting optimal technologies for green hydrogen production and developing sustainable energy strategies.