DYNAMICS OF WATER POLLUTION IN KARAGANDA REGION

Abstract

This article examines the state of river waters in Kazakhstan as one of the most pressing environmental issues. The country has studied the pollution of the waters of large rivers by the Aqaba waters of chemical production, oil refineries, machine-building industries and industrial enterprises such as non-ferrous metallurgy. The Karaganda region has basins of the Nura-Sarysu, Balkhash-Alakol, Yesil, Irtysh and Tobol-Torgai rivers. There are five hundred and ninety-nine water bodies in the region, including one hundred and seven rivers, eighty-three lakes, four hundred and nine artificial reservoirs, dams with hydraulic structures. The rivers belong to the basins of unsalted lakes of the Tengiz, Karasor, Balkhash and Irtysh rivers. The presence of low-lying terrain in the east and south-east of the region determines the main character of flat rivers fed by snow or snow-covered land. There are 558 rural settlements in the region. It ranks first in the republic in terms of industrial development. Two powerful industrial facilities have been created here. One is the Karaganda-Temirtau coal and metallurgical complex, and the other is the Balkhash non-ferrous metallurgy industrial complex. Currently, there are 290 agricultural enterprises in the region, 6238 farms and peasant farms, 1155 private subsidiary farms of the population that produce agricultural products. All this leads to pollution of the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, the dynamics of river water pollution levels for each year was demonstrated.