IDENTIFICATION OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS IN THE ADOLESCENT ENVIRONMENT AND WAYS TO RESOLVE THEM

Abstract

This article examines the causes, types, and consequences of social conflicts among adolescents, as well as effective strategies for their resolution. Adolescence (ages 10–19) represents a crucial stage of personality development, during which peer interaction plays a key role. Conflicts at this age arise from various factors: informational (miscommunication, misunderstanding), value-based (differences in beliefs and norms), behavioral (aggression, emotional instability), and systemic (school-related stress, social inequality).

Drawing on psychoanalytic (Freud), cognitive-developmental (Piaget), and social-learning (Bandura) models, the paper analyzes the psychological mechanisms of conflict formation and their impact on emotional growth. Based on surveys (n=200) and focus groups (n=50), it was found that the most common conflict-resolution strategies among adolescents include compromise, collaboration, and active listening.

According to WHO statistics (2024), around 43% of adolescents report frequent arguments with peers, and 17% engage in physical or verbal aggression. Kazakhstani data show similar trends: the Ministry of Education (2024) reports that 68% of students experience at least one social conflict per month. Such conflicts negatively affect emotional stability and academic motivation.

The main causes of adolescent conflicts can be grouped as follows:

1. Informational factors – misinterpretation, false messages, or social media misinformation (about 20% of cases).
2. Value differences – divergence in cultural and family norms, particularly in multi-ethnic environments (about 35%).
3. Behavioral factors – impulsiveness, low self-esteem, and aggression (more physical among boys, verbal among girls).
4. Systemic factors – academic stress, inequality, and the influence of digital environments.

According to the Thomas–Kilmann model, adolescents most frequently choose compromise (25%) and collaboration (30%) as resolution strategies, while competition and avoidance are less common. School mediation programs piloted in Almaty reduced the number of conflicts by about 30%.

The study emphasizes that psychological services in Kazakhstani schools require strengthening: on average, one psychologist serves approximately 500 students. For prevention and effective conflict management, the following measures are recommended:

• increase the number of school psychologists;
• conduct regular training sessions for teachers and parents;
• establish peer mediation clubs;
• promote a culture of safe communication in digital spaces.

Addressing adolescent conflicts requires a systemic approach involving cooperation among schools, families, and social institutions. Teaching adolescents emotional regulation, empathy, and constructive dialogue skills contributes to their personal and social development.

Conflicts among adolescents are a natural part of personal growth; however, constructive resolution fosters empathy, responsibility, and stronger social skills. Implementing school-based mediation and psychological support programs will enhance adolescents’ mental well-being and improve the educational environment.