REVIEW OF ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THE HISTORY OF MANGYSTAU IN THE WORKS OF Z. IJANOV
Keywords:
"Koshchy" Union, Aday district, collectivization, kulak, land issue, rural poorAbstract
This article examines the impact of socio-political changes in Kazakhstan in the mid-1920s on the agrarian structure. In this context, the history and main objectives of the "Koshchy" Union, organized in the Aday district in December 1925 during the Fifth Regional Conference of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan to actively implement policies against wealthy landowners (bais) and kulaks, are analyzed. Research objectives and tasks – to study the formation of the "Koshchy" Union; to examine the role of these organizations, based on the idea of class struggle, in the Sovietization of villages; and to explore the establishment of the "Koshchy" Union in the Aday district.Based on archival data, this study analyzes the history o f the "Koshchy" Union, organized in the Aday district between 1926 and 1930, along with the political and socio-economic situation of the region during that period. The research relies on the book "Bitter Lessons" by renowned archivist Z. Izhanov. The development of the "Koshchy" Union laid the groundwork for the forced
collectivization and repressive policies that followed after 1929. Initially established as an organization to protect the interests of ordinary peasants, "Koshchy" gradually turned into a tool of the Soviet government for restructuring rural social classes. These events illustrate the complexity of
socio-economic changes in Soviet Kazakhstan. Studying the history of the "Koshchy" Union provides insight into how collectivization and class differentiation were carried out. The "Koshchy" Union significantly influenced the implementation of Soviet reforms as one of the key institutions of socio economic transformation in Kazakhstan. During agrarian reforms, it played a role in uniting the rural poor and integrating them into the socialist system. However, over time, its activities were curtailed and eventually absorbed into the Soviet administrative-bureaucratic system during collectivization.
