PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF SUICIDE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article comprehensively analyzes the psychological, social, and pedagogical causes of suicidal behavior among adolescents in Kazakhstan. The study identified emotional instability, insufficient social support, disrupted family relationships, and weak psychological services in schools as the main factors contributing to suicidal tendencies among adolescents. In addition, the influence of social media, bullying and cyberbullying, peer misunderstanding, and feelings of loneliness on adolescents’ psycho-emotional well-being is examined. Social pressure, academic stress, excessive parental expectations, and uncertainty about the future are also described as significant factors contributing to the development of suicidal thoughts. The study particularly emphasizes that the untimely identification of adolescents’ internal emotional struggles and the lack of timely psychological assistance may aggravate the problem.

The authors highlight the importance of strengthening cooperation between parents and schools, improving the professional competence of teachers and psychologists, and implementing life-skills development programs for adolescents in order to improve the suicide prevention system. The article also stresses the need for systematic psychological support services in educational institutions, early identification of adolescents at risk, and individual preventive work with them. Issues related to organizing adolescents’ leisure time effectively, as well as increasing access to helplines and online psychological counseling services, are also discussed. Furthermore, the importance of conducting training sessions, psychological seminars, and educational activities for parents in schools is emphasized.

The research findings demonstrate that suicide prevention can be effectively achieved through improving emotional literacy, developing psychological resilience, and fostering a

positive outlook on life. The authors conclude that maintaining adolescents’ mental health is a shared responsibility of society, families, and the education system. The scientific conclusions and practical recommendations presented in the article are intended for application in educational institutions, psychological centers, and socio-pedagogical practice. The practical significance of these recommendations is considered to be high.