BIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR PROTECTING WOODY PLANTS IN URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTIVENESS

Abstract

The article presents the results of assessing the phytosanitary condition of woody plants in parks and along streets of Shymkent and determining the environmental effectiveness of biological protection methods. The aim of the study was to identify pathogens affecting woody plants, assess their distribution patterns, provide early diagnosis of pathological changes, and scientifically substantiate biological protection methods as an environmentally safe alternative to chemical control measures.

During the study, a phytopathological analysis was conducted on 20 samples collected from 12 species of woody plants. The species composition of fungal and bacterial pathogens causing diseases such as necrosis, surface growths, leaf spotting, and canker was determined. Barrier traps Netocia were used to study the distribution of trunk pests. To investigate the morphological and biological characteristics of the isolated microorganisms, they were cultured on EPA, EPB, and Czapek nutrient media.

Laboratory in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamics of pathogenesis following artificial inoculation of leaves and seeds of birch species belonging to the genus Betula with the bacterial canker pathogen. The experiment revealed damage to leaf tissue cells and infection of up to 50% of the seeds under pathogen exposure. In addition, the biotechnological preparation developed based on agrobacteria and micromycetes demonstrated high antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms affecting woody plants.

The obtained results confirmed the importance of applying biological and ecological monitoring methods in assessing the phytosanitary stability of urban green spaces. The use of biological protection methods can reduce the potential environmental burden associated with chemical treatments, maintain the stability of urban ecosystems, and preserve the ecological functions of vegetation. The findings have practical significance for the conservation of urban green infrastructure, improvement of phytosanitary monitoring systems, and development of an environmentally safe plant protection system.