SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: MODERN CONCEPTS, GLOBAL TRENDS, AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS: A REVIEW

Abstract

This paper examines current global urbanization trends based on United Nations Organization data, including the growth of megacities, accelerated development of small and medium-sized cities, uneven dynamics of urban populations, and the expansion of built-up areas. Special attention is given to the “smart city” concept and integrated sustainable development strategies aimed at enhancing energy efficiency, ecological sustainability, and urban environmental quality. Promising solutions are analyzed, including green roofs, photovoltaic systems integrated into urban infrastructure, the use of innovative materials within a circular economy framework, and the role of urban greenery in providing ecosystem services. Biostatic methods for protecting architectural heritage using specialized decorative lighting are also discussed. It is shown that a comprehensive combination of technological, ecological, and managerial solutions can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization and ensure more sustainable and inclusive urban development in the face of climate and energy challenges.