VERMICOMPOSTING AS A FACTOR IN ENHANCING AGROECOLOGICAL SOIL PRODUCTIVITY: A REVIEW

Abstract

Vermicomposting is a biotechnological process of aerobic decomposition of organic substrates involving earthworms and associated microbial communities, evolving from a waste management method into an effective tool for agroecological soil restoration. A synthesis of recent studies demonstrates that vermicompost consistently enhances the bioavailability of nitrogen and phosphorus, soil organic matter content, microbial activity, and crop productivity. Key mechanisms include accelerated nutrient mineralization, stimulation of phosphate-solubilizing and growth-promoting microbes, and activation of humic substances that support root system development. The effectiveness of vermicomposting depends on the composition of the initial substrate, soil texture, application rate, and timing. Application of vermicompost increases plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. However, current literature is limited by short-term studies, lack of standardized characterization protocols, and insufficient understanding of the molecular mechanisms within the “plant–soil” system. Future research requires long-term field trials, integration of functional genomics, and development of comprehensive life-cycle models. Vermicomposting is considered a key component of sustainable and regenerative agriculture, capable of simultaneously improving soil fertility, crop productivity, and the ecological resilience of agroecosystems.