TECHNOLOGY OF NON-PUMP EVAPORATION COOLING BASED ON SALINE WATER, OPERATING ON SOLAR ENERGY IN A DRY AND HOT CLIMATE

Abstract

This article examines the technology of a solar-powered pumpless evaporative cooling system designed for operation in the hot and dry climate of the Aral Sea region. The main objective of the study is to analyze the operating principle and structural features of an energy-efficient cooling device that uses saline water as the working medium and can operate autonomously with minimal electricity consumption.

The proposed device consists of a saline water reservoir, capillary fabric, a ventilation fan, and small solar panels that supply power to the fan. In the system, water rises along the capillary fabric due to capillary forces and spreads across the surface of the material. As evaporation occurs, heat from the surrounding air is absorbed, producing a cooling effect. The fan enhances air circulation through the moist surface of the fabric, accelerating the evaporation process and improving cooling efficiency.

The research results demonstrate that this technology consumes significantly less electricity than conventional air-conditioning systems, does not use harmful refrigerants such as freon, and is environmentally friendly. In addition, the device can operate autonomously and can be effectively applied in areas with limited or unstable electrical infrastructure, including settlements, social infrastructure facilities, and temporary structures. The study also considers certain limitations of the system, such as dependence on climatic conditions and possible salt crystallization during operation. Overall, solar-powered evaporative cooling based on saline water is considered a promising, energy-efficient, and sustainable cooling solution for the Aral Sea region.